The piston rod is connected to the gripping fingers. As the air pressure moves the piston up and down, the fingers open or close in a parallel or angular manner. This mechanism can be used in pick-and-place operation or to change the orientation of the object.

A pneumatic gripper uses compressed air to grip, hold, and release objects . Here's how it works:

Compressed Air Input: Compressed air is supplied to the gripper through air ports . The gripper typically operates at 0.4–0.8 MPa (4–8 bar) of air pressure .
Piston Movement: The compressed air enters a cylinder and pushes a piston .
Jaw Activation: The piston's movement is transferred to the gripper jaws (also known as fingers) . This causes the jaws to either open or close, depending on the direction of the air pressure . The jaws make direct contact with the object . The fingers can be customized for specific shapes and sizes .
Object Gripping: The jaws securely hold the object with the force generated by the compressed air . The grip strength depends on the air pressure .
Release: When the air pressure is reversed, the jaws open to release the object . Springs or reverse airflow can also open the gripper when air pressure is released .